网络产品焦点：交换机的工作原理与分类 一、交换机工作原理 网络交换机是一种将计算机和通信设备相互连接起来的网络硬件设备，它可以连接不同计算机之间的高速通信通道。在大型局域网（LAN）中，交换机是关键的网络设备之一，负责数据的转发和交换。其工作原理可以概括为以下几点：

1. 输入端口接收数据：当交换机接收到数据时，它会通过输入端口将数据存储在内部的缓冲区中。 2. 数据帧的解析：交换机对接收到的数据帧进行解析，提取出数据帧中的目标地址（MAC地址）等关键信息。 3. 转发决策：根据提取的目标地址信息，交换机决定如何将数据转发到目标设备。这个过程涉及到交换机的转发表，该表记录了各个端口和MAC地址之间的映射关系。 4. 数据转发：交换机根据转发决策，将数据从输入端口转发到输出端口，并通过输出端口将数据发送到目标设备。 二、交换机分类 根据不同的分类标准，交换机可以分为多种类型。常见的分类方式包括按传输介质、按应用范围、按工作原理等。下面介绍几种常见的交换机类型： 1. 按传输介质分类：包括光纤交换机和双绞线交换机。光纤交换机适用于高速长距离传输，而双绞线交换机则适用于普通局域网环境。 2. 按应用范围分类：包括企业级交换机和接入级交换机。企业级交换机适用于大型企业网络环境，具有高性能和高可靠性等特点；而接入级交换机则适用于家庭和中小型企业等网络环境。 3. 按工作原理分类：包括存储转发式交换机和直通式交换机。存储转发式交换机具有较高的抗干扰能力和网络安全性，适合对网络传输速率要求不高的场景；而直通式交换机则具有较低的传输延迟，适合于高速网络环境。 三、英文翻译 Network Products Focus: Working Principles and Classification of Switches

I. Working Principles of Switches

Network switch is a network hardware device that connects computers and communication equipment to each other, enabling high-speed communication channels between different computers. In large local area networks (LANs), switches are one of the key network devices responsible for data forwarding and switching. Its working principles can be summarized as follows: 1. Data reception through input ports: When a switch receives data, it stores the data in an internal buffer through input ports. 2. Parsing of data frames: The switch analyzes the received data frame and extracts key information such as the target address (MAC address). 3. Forwarding decision: Based on the extracted target address information, the switch determines how to forward the data to the target device. This process involves the switch's forwarding table, which records the mapping relationship between ports and MAC addresses. 4. Data forwarding: The switch forwards the data from the input port to the output port based on the forwarding decision, and sends the data to the target device through the output port.

II. Classification of Switches Switches can be classified into various types based on different classification standards, such as transmission medium, application scope, and working principle. Here are several common types of switches: 1. Classification by transmission medium: including fiber optic switches and twisted-pair switches. Fiber optic switches are suitable for high-speed long-distance transmission, while twisted-pair switches are suitable for ordinary LAN environments. 2. Classification by application scope: including enterprise-level switches and access-level switches. Enterprise-level switches are suitable for large corporate network environments, with high performance and reliability; while access-level switches are suitable for home and small to medium-sized enterprise network environments. 3. Classification by working principle: including store-and-forward switches and cut-through switches. Store-and-forward switches have higher anti-interference ability and network security, suitable for scenarios where network transmission rate requirements are not high; while cut-through switches have lower transmission latency and are suitable for high-speed network environments.