**交换机与集线器：实现多设备联网的关键设备** 在计算机网络中，交换机和集线器是至关重要的设备，它们共同承担着连接多个设备并实现网络通信的任务。这两种设备在当今的数字化世界中扮演着不可或缺的角色，为各种设备和系统之间的数据传输提供了强大的支持。 一、交换机

交换机是一种网络设备，它允许多台计算机或其他网络设备相互通信。与集线器不同，交换机可以理解并分析网络中的数据包，并根据其目标地址智能地转发数据包。这意味着交换机可以创建多个独立的网络段，每个段都可以连接到不同的设备，从而提高了网络的效率和性能。

在大型网络中，交换机是连接各种设备和系统的关键。它们能够有效地管理网络流量，减少网络拥堵，提高数据传输速度。此外，交换机还具有高度的可扩展性和灵活性，可以轻松地添加或移除网络设备，使得网络的维护和升级变得更为简单。 二、集线器 集线器，也被称为多端口网桥或中继器，它是一个连接多个设备的物理设备。与交换机相比，集线器的功能较为简单。它将接收到的数据从一根电缆转发到另一根电缆上，使得连接在其上的所有设备都可以相互通信。然而，集线器并不像交换机那样智能地处理数据包。 尽管如此，集线器在小型网络中仍然是一个重要的设备。它可以方便地扩展网络范围和连接更多的设备。此外，集线器还可以通过级联或堆叠的方式与其他集线器连接，从而形成一个更大的网络。 **Translation into English** **Switches and Hubs: Key Devices for Multi-device Networking**

In computer networking, switches and hubs are crucial devices that share the task of connecting multiple devices and enabling network communication. These two types of equipment play an indispensable role in today's digital world, providing powerful support for data transmission between various devices and systems.

1. Switch A switch is a network device that allows multiple computers or other network devices to communicate with each other. Different from a hub, a switch can understand and analyze data packets in the network, and intelligently forward the data packets based on their destination addresses. This means that switches can create multiple independent network segments, each connected to different devices, thereby improving network efficiency and performance.

In large networks, switches are the key to connecting various devices and systems. They can effectively manage network traffic, reduce network congestion, and improve data transmission speed. Additionally, switches have high scalability and flexibility, making it easy to add or remove network devices, simplifying network maintenance and upgrades. 2. Hub A hub, also known as a multi-port bridge or repeater, is a physical device that connects multiple devices. Compared to switches, hubs have a simpler function. They forward data received from one cable to another, allowing all devices connected to it to communicate with each other. However, hubs do not intelligently process data packets like switches. Despite this, hubs are still important devices in small networks. They can conveniently expand network range and connect more devices. Additionally, hubs can be connected to other hubs through cascading or stacking to form a larger network. In summary, switches and hubs play a crucial role in achieving multi-device networking, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of today's digital communication systems.