交换机与路由器的区别：你需要知道的关键点 在计算机网络中，交换机和路由器都是重要的网络设备，它们各自扮演着不同的角色。尽管它们在某些功能上可能有所重叠，但它们之间还是存在显著的差异。以下是关于交换机与路由器的区别，你需要知道的关键点。

一、定义与功能

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1. 交换机（Switch）：交换机是一种网络设备，主要用于在局域网（LAN）内连接多个设备。它通过学习MAC地址，建立和维护一个地址表，然后根据这个地址表进行数据包的转发。其主要目标是实现同一局域网内部的高效通信。 2. 路由器（Router）：路由器是一种网络设备，用于在不同网络之间传输数据包。它通过检查每个数据包的地址信息（如IP地址），然后决定最佳的路径来传输数据包。路由器可以连接到不同的网络，并且可以根据需要进行数据包转发。 二、关键区别点 1. 作用范围：交换机主要用于同一局域网内的设备之间进行通信，而路由器则用于连接不同的网络，如局域网到广域网（WAN）或广域网之间的连接。 2. 数据处理方式：交换机根据已知的MAC地址进行数据转发，速度较快；而路由器则通过复杂的路由算法来决定数据包的最佳路径，这通常需要更多的计算资源。 3. 网络层级的处理：交换机工作在数据链路层，而路由器工作在网络层。这意味着路由器可以处理更复杂的网络问题，如IP地址的转换和不同网络之间的通信。 4. 连接设备数量：交换机通常可以连接大量的设备，形成一个大型的局域网；而路由器则通常连接较少的设备，但可以连接不同的网络。 三、英文翻译 The Difference between Switches and Routers: Key Points You Need to Know

In computer networking, switches and routers are both important network devices that play different roles. Although they may overlap in some functions, there are significant differences between them. The following are the key points you need to know about the difference between switches and routers.

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I. Definition and Function 1. Switch: A switch is a network device used to connect multiple devices within a local area network (LAN). It establishes and maintains an address table by learning MAC addresses, and forwards data packets based on this address table. Its main goal is to achieve efficient communication within the same LAN. 2. Router: A router is a network device used to transmit data packets between different networks. It examines the address information of each data packet (such as IP address) and decides the best path to transmit the data packet. Routers can connect to different networks and can forward data packets as needed. II. Key Differences 1. Scope of Action: Switches are mainly used for communication between devices within the same LAN, while routers are used to connect different networks, such as from LAN to WAN or between WANs. 2. Data Processing Method: Switches forward data based on known MAC addresses, which is faster; while routers use complex routing algorithms to determine the best path for data packets, which usually requires more computing resources. 3. Network Layer Processing: Switches operate at the data link layer, while routers operate at the network layer. This means that routers can handle more complex network issues, such as IP address conversion and communication between different networks. 4. Number of Connected Devices: Switches can usually connect a large number of devices to form a large LAN, while routers typically connect fewer devices but can connect different networks.